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- Economy
-
- Overview: Hong Kong has a free-market economy and is autonomous
- in financial affairs. Natural resources are limited and food
- and raw materials must be imported. Manufacturing is the
- backbone of the economy, accounting for more than 20% of GDP,
- employing 36% of the labor force, and exporting about 90% of
- output. Real GDP growth averaged a remakable 8% in 1987-88,
- then slowed to a respectable 3% in 1989. Unemployment, which has
- been declining since the mid-1980s, is now less than 2%. A
- shortage of labor continues to put upward pressure on prices and
- the cost of living. Short-term prospects remain solid so long as
- major trading partners continue to be prosperous. The crackdown
- in China in 1989 casts a long shadow over the longer term economic
- outlook.
-
- GDP: $57 billion, per capita $10,000; real growth rate 3% (1989).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9.5% (1989).
-
- Unemployment rate: 1.6% (1988).
-
- Budget: $6.9 billion (FY89).
-
- Exports: $63.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988), including reexports
- of $22.9 billion; commodities--clothing, textile yarn and
- fabric, footwear, electrical appliances, watches and clocks,
- toys; partners--US 31%, China 14%, FRG 8%, UK 6%, Japan 5%.
-
- Imports: $63.9 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--foodstuffs,
- transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum;
- partners--China 31%, Japan 20%, Taiwan 9%, US 8%.
-
- External debt: $9.6 billion (December 1988).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 7.0% (1988).
-
- Electricity: 7,800,000 kW capacity; 23,000 million kWh produced,
- 4,030 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics,
- toys, watches, clocks.
-
- Agriculture: minor role in the economy; rice, vegetables,
- dairy products; less than 20% self-sufficient; shortages
- of rice, wheat, water.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $141.2 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $899.8 million.
-
- Currency: Hong Kong dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Hong Kong
- dollar (HK$) = 100 cents.
-
- Exchange rates: Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$--7.800 (March
- 1989), 7.810 (1988), 7.760 (1987), 7.795 (1986), 7.811 (1985);
- note--linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$
- per 1 US$ since 1985.
-
- Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March.
-